Convention on prohibitions or restrictions on the use of certain conventional weapons ccw. Convention on cluster munitions human rights watch. The convention became binding international law when it entered into force on 1 august. The purpose of the convention is to provide a comprehensive international response to the suffering caused by the use of cluster munitions and.
Italy national points of contact organization, telephones, fax, email. The various articles in the convention address victims assistance, clearance of contaminated areas, destruction of stockpiles, and transparency measures as well as guidance to address possible compliance issues. The cmc calls for universal adherence to the convention on cluster munitions. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions prohibits the use, production, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster munitions. As of 26 september 2018, a total of 120 states have joined the convention, as 104 states parties and 16 signatories. English third meeting of states parties oslo, 1014 september 2012 the oslo progress report. It opened for signature on 3 december 2008, and entered into force on 1 august 2010. It entered into force on 1 august 2010, six months after it was. The convention on cluster munitions and the evolution of international humanitarian law bonnie docherty abstract the 2008 convention on cluster munitions comprehensively bans a weapon that causes civilian casualties both during and after attacks. The convention on cluster munitions the ccm is the. On may 30, 2008, delegates at the dublin diplomatic conference on cluster munitions adopted the convention on cluster munitions ccm, a new treaty that seeks to ban the use, development, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, and transfer of cluster munitions.
The convention was adopted on 30 may 2008 in dublin, and was opened for signature on 3 december 2008 in oslo. The convention on cluster munitions prohibits all use, production, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions. Fact sheet convention on cluster munitions the convention on cluster munitions ccm was opened for signature in oslo on 3 december 2008 and entered into force on 1 august 2010. A cluster munition is a form of airdropped or groundlaunched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller submunitions. In may 2008, 107 states concluded an international treaty prohibitingthese weapons. Although the convention on cluster munitions prohibits all cluster munitions used to date see chapter 2, as with all weapons, the use of any cluster munitions in armed conflict is. Convention on cluster munitions the states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions.
The ccm will be opened for signature on december 3, 2008 ccm, article 15. Dube, negotiating the convention on cluster munitions. Cluster bombs are banned under the convention on cluster munitions ccm, an international treaty that addresses the humanitarian consequences and unacceptable harm caused to civilians by cluster munitions through a categorical prohibition and a framework for action. Cluster munitions, often called cluster bombs, are weapons made up of a hollow shell which contain smaller bombs called submunitions. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is an international treaty that prohibits the use, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster bombs, a type of explosive weapon which scatters submunitions bomblets over an area. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is a remarkable achievement on disarmament, which is a particularly contentious area of international law. Convention on cluster munitions wikimili, the free. On may 30, 2008, 107 states adopted the convention on cluster munitions. Monitoring progress in implementing the vientiane action plan between the second and third meetings of states parties submitted by the president of the second meeting of states parties 1.
The convention was adopted in dublin by 107 states on 30 may 2008 and signed on 3 december the same year. The negotiators rejected proposals for broad exceptions from the ban and for a transition period during which cluster munitions could still be used. The convention on cluster munitions the ccm is the international treaty of more than 100 states that addresses the humanitarian consequences and unacceptable harm caused to civilians by cluster munitions, through a categorical prohibition and a framework for. The strength of the treaty is largely due to the prohibition on cluster munitions as an entire category of weapons.
The 2008 convention on cluster munitions comprehensively bans a weapon that causes civilian. In 2008, the convention on cluster munitions was adopted by over 100 countries. It also requires destruction of stockpiles, clearance of. Convention sur les armes a sous munitions kohbehuidi no kaccethbim 60enphnacam convenci6n sobre municiones en racimo. The convention on cluster munitions is a humanitarian imperativedriven legal instrument which prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions.
Implementation of the convention on cluster munitions unog. Convention on cluster munitions, ccm 77, 30 may 2008 excerpt. In addition, it establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate assistance to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is an international treaty that prohibits the use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of cluster munitions. In may 2008, more than 100 states adopted the convention on cluster munitions, which prohibits the use, development, production, stockpiling and transfer of such munitions. Such munitions are effective against targets that do not have fixed locations, such as enemy soldiers or vehicles, and also against precise positions, such as airfields and missile sites.
Adoption of the convention on cluster munitions asil. Other cluster munitions are designed to destroy runways or electric power transmission lines, disperse chemical or biological weapons, or to scatter. Cubas presentation the convention on cluster munitions. The role of african states, institute for security studies, issue 187 of iss papers, south africa, 2009. These weapons have killed or injured tens of thousands of civilians in waraffected countries. Convention on cluster munitions the states parties to this convention deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function as intended or. Convention on cluster munitions tke states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function. The convention on cluster munitions separate articles in the convention concern assistance to victims, clearance of contaminated areas and destruction of stockpiles. May 30, 2008 convention on cluster munitions, 30 may 2008 state parties 108 state signatories after decades of seeing civilians suffer with each new use of cluster munitions, and in the face of an inadequate response in other fora, norway launched the oslo process on cluster munitions in february 2007 by inviting governments supporting the. This book offers a comprehensive argument for why preexisting international law on cluster munitions was inadequate to deal with the full scope of humanitarian consequences associated with their use.
The adoption of the convention on cluster munitions is a recognition of cluster munitions terrible and unacceptable consequences for civilian populations. The convention on cluster munitions entered into force on 1 august 2010, six months after it was ratified by 30 states. The convention on cluster munitions the ccm is the international treaty of more than 100 states that addresses the humanitarian consequences and unacceptable harm caused to civilians by cluster munitions, through a categorical prohibition and a framework for action. Arms control laws, regulations and rules cluster bombs war international law. The negotiators rejected proposals for broad exceptions from the ban and for a transition period during which cluster munitions could still be.
Under the terms of the convention, a number of responsibilities have. It is a landmark in the efforts to address the suffering that these weapons cause. Treaties, states parties, and commentaries convention on. Article 1 general obligations and scope of application 1. Convention on cluster munitions convention on cluster munitions determined also to ensure the full realisation of the rights of all cluster munition victims and recognising their inherent dignity, resolved to do their utmost in providing assistance to clus ter munition victims, including medical care, rehabilitation and. Convention on cluster munitions, international treaty, adopted by more than 100 countries on may 30, 2008, that prohibited the manufacture, transfer, and use of cluster munitions. Convention on cluster munitions arms control association. Convention on cluster munitionsdublin 19 30 may 2008.
Although the convention on cluster munitions prohibits all cluster munitions used to date see chapter 2, as with all weapons, the use of any cluster munitions in armed conflict is regulated by the general rules of international. Convention on cluster munitions, 30 may 2008 state parties 108 state signatories after decades of seeing civilians suffer with each new use of cluster munitions, and in the face of an inadequate response in other fora, norway launched the oslo process on cluster munitions in february 2007 by inviting governments supporting the. The various articles in the convention address victims assistance, clearance of contaminated areas, destruction of stockpiles, and transparency measures as well as guidance to address. Convention on cluster munitions reporting formats for article 7 of the convention on cluster munitions state party. Convention on cluster munitions ccm15 described as frustrated with the ccw process, a number of ccw membersled by norway initiated negotiations in 2007 outside of the ccw to ban cluster munitions. The convention on cluster munitions is a historic achievement. Where, after entry into force of this convention, cluster munitions have become cluster munition remnants located in areas under the jurisdiction or control of a state party, each state party in a position to do so shall urgently provide. There are two major international initiatives to address cluster munitions. Introduction the recent convention on cluster munitions ccm, convention1 is the latest attempt by the international community to humanize the conduct of war. Convention, of cluster munitions, including explosive submunitions, with details of the methods that will be used in destruction, the location of all destruction sites and the applicable safety and environmental standards to be observed. Cluster munitions have been a persistent problem for decades. Cluster munitions article about cluster munitions by the.
Cluster munitions are characterized as bombs or shells that consist of an outer casing that houses dozens, or even hundreds, of smaller submunitions. Convention on cluster munitions wikimili, the free encyclopedia. Cluster munitions do not distinguish between civilians and combatants and can leave behind unexploded ordnance which can harm civilians and be detrimental to economic and social development for decades after use. Dublin, 30 may 2008 the convention was ratified by the united kingdom on the 4 may 2010 and entered into force for the united kingdom on the 1 november 2010 presented to parliament. Convention on cluster munitions international treaty. Apr 23, 2020 convention on cluster munitions, international treaty, adopted by more than 100 countries on may 30, 2008, that prohibited the manufacture, transfer, and use of cluster munitions. Convention on cluster munitions human rights investigations. The cmc is committed to the 2008 convention on cluster munitions as the best framework for ending the use, production, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions and for destroying stockpiles, clearing contaminated areas, and assisting affected communities. Convention on cluster munitions draft the convention on. Accession cuba joins to the convention on cluster munitions on april 6, 2016 the convention enters into force for cuba on october 1, 2016 applicable laws. Although a number of militarily important states remain outside of the convention, and cluster munitions have been used on a number of occasions by nonparties since the convention came into force, supporters of the treaty point to a stigmatising effect of the ban.
Convention on cluster munitions ccm facing finance. The process aimed at creating an international treaty to prohibit cluster munitions that cause unacceptable suffering to civilians. Convention on cluster munitions how is convention on. Each state party undertakes never under any circumstances to. It established new legal norms on the production, stockpiling, and use of cluster munitions cms, and is admirably comprehensive in terms of protection, obliging states parties to. The convention was adopted on 30 may 2008 in dublin, and was opened for signature o. Convention text the convention on cluster munitions. A guide to cluster munitions the convention on cluster.
Convention on cluster munitions the issues monitor. Short title and commencement 1 this act may be cited as the cluster munitions act insert year. The convention on cluster munitions and the evolution of. The book undertakes an interdisciplinary legal analysis of restraints and prohibitions on the use of cluster munitions under international humanitarian law, human rights law, and international. Convention on cluster munitions e united nations office. The convention was previously published as miscellaneous no. The convention on cluster munitions bans all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. The convention on cluster munitions ccm prohibits all use, stockpiling, production and transfer of cluster munitions. Convention on cluster munitions the states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function as intended or when they are abandoned.
Convention on cluster munitions e united nations office at. Commonly, this is a cluster bomb that ejects explosive bomblets that are designed to kill personnel and destroy vehicles. Convention on cluster munitions draft day month year original. The convention on cluster munitions was adopted by 107 countries on 30 may 2008 in dublin, ireland. Cluster munitions, cluster bombs human rights watch. Each weapon can contain from several to hundreds of explosive submunitions. Cluster munitions are characterized as bombs or shells that consist of an outer. The convention also sets legal precedent in three ways. Convention on cluster munitions legislation for common law states on the 2008 convention on cluster munitions. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is an international treaty that prohibits the use.
It not only includes a chapter on the content of the convention and one on stockpile destructiona signi. Convention sur les armes a sousmunitions kohbehuidi no kaccethbim 60enphnacam convenci6n sobre municiones en racimo. It also requires destruction of stockpiles, clearance of areas contaminated. They are dropped from the air or fired from the ground and are designed to break open in midair, releasing the submunitions and saturating an area that can be as wide as several. The convention bans the use, development, production, stockpiling and transfer of cluster munitions. A commentary, oxford university press, oxford, 2010. Italian ministry of foreign affairs and international cooperation directorategeneral for political and security affairs.
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